Veterans You Should Remember Today

Including the "Original Big Balls"

Last Saturday I posted Sappers in the Wire, which told a story about veterans among us. It focused on actions over 56 years ago by a relatively small group of men now in their 70s and 80s. My thesis was that there are lots of veterans among us who's very interesting and sometimes heroic stories are unknown to most of us and will remain that way, unless their stories get told. Today I want to share the story of some other veterans who were better known in their youth, but who have 55+ year-old stories that are largely unknown today by many (most?) people. These veterans, some of whom are now deceased, must be remembered and honored this Veterans’ Day.

In recent months you have heard of a young DOGE staffer nicknamed “Big Balls.” I don’t know the exact origin of his name, but he recently lived up to his moniker when he suffered a concussion and broken nose when he was attacked while attempting to protect a young woman from a gang of DC thugs. But what you may not know is the story of the “Original Big Balls.” His and some of his companions’ stories are told below.

A few weeks ago, I met the Original Big Balls, also known in polite circles as Paul Galanti, when we both attended an event to hear an invited speaker making a presentation on the Battle of Leyte and Leyte Gulf. I knew that he was a Naval Academy graduate, so I decided to say hello.

The lady with him was anxious to get him situated in an adjacent room where we were going to be listening to the speaker. But I convinced him to delay for a couple of minutes, based on my promise to give him the “experience of his lifetime.” When he looked at me sort of quizzically, I explained that I was giving him a chance to have his picture taken with a West Point graduate. Of course, he immediately agreed to my terms, and we had a pleasant, if spirited, conversation.

Here he is (on the right!):

Now if you met Paul when he was not wearing the medals on his lapel, you might think, “Just another old guy in a wheelchair.” Right? WRONG! Later in this article we will take a look at him in his younger days. And even that short look will explain why I refer to him as the “Original Big Balls.”

But first, here is the story of his and some of his compatriots’ sheer courage and devotion to duty and comrades.

The “Hanoi Hilton”: brutality, torture, and the rope torture

Hỏa Lò prison in Hanoi — nicknamed the “Hanoi Hilton” by U.S. airmen held there — became notorious during the Vietnam War as a site where captured American aircrews and other prisoners of war were interrogated, beaten, and tortured. The brutality was part of a systematic program of coercive interrogation that included prolonged isolation, bone-breaking beatings, forced stress-positions for prolonged periods of time, prolonged solitary confinement while shackled in irons 24 hours a day, mock executions, electric shocks, denials of medical care for untreated wounds or fractures, and extreme malnutrition and even starvation, and, perhaps most notoriously, a brutal torture method referred to by prisoners as “the ropes.” Some were even literally tortured to death.

These tortures were sometimes employed for punishment and other times to coerce “confessions” and forced participation in propaganda sessions.

The “Vietnamese rope trick”

“The ropes” or the “Vietnamese rope trick” was one of the tortures most feared by the POWs. Multiple POW memoirs and U.S. Navy histories describe it:

The prisoner’s hands would be handcuffed or bound behind his back; sometimes legs were also bound. A rope would be tied to the prisoner’s wrists or cuffs and threaded over or around a pole, bar, or other leverage point. Interrogators pulled the rope and used the pole to rotate and stretch the prisoner’s arms upward toward the back of his head, forcing his shoulders and elbows into extreme extension and rotation. Prisoners have described how their arms were rotated under stress until they were over their head. Often their shoulder joints popped out while the stretching continued, resulting in excruciating pain. Often men were tied and left in these unbearably painful positions for hours on end. The stretched and torn tendons, ligaments, and muscles typically caused long-term and permanent shoulder damage. While they were screaming in pain, prisoners could also be beaten with clubs or whips.

The physiological result of this treatment — extreme shoulder and elbow strain, dislocation of joints, torn ligaments, and intense nerve pain — made the ropes both physically debilitating and psychologically devastating. John McCain and other high-profile POWs described being subjected to rope treatments as part of repeated interrogations and beatings; McCain reported ribs broken and his arms tied and tightened behind his back until the pain was unbearable.

POW resistance

Despite the ever-present risk of being tortured, the prisoners resorted to a variety of stratagems to resist the North Vietnamese interrogators and propagandists. They engaged in forbidden communications by using a tap code on their cell walls. Their senior ranking officer, then-Captain James Stockdale knew that everyone would eventually break under the torture, so he modified the strict military Code of Conduct (name, rank and serial number) and instructed the prisoners to resist making propaganda statements or appearances for as long as they could hold out under torture, but they had permission to give in after undergoing extreme torture. Even then they made forced “confessions” that would obviously be recognized by Westerners as bogus. That conduct regime actually buoyed their spirits and reinforced the sense of discipline that they needed to survive their ordeals.

Doug Hegdahl, a young seaman who had been captured after falling off his ship in the South China Sea, played the role of “The Stupid One.” His interrogators finally gave up in frustration because he clearly was too stupid to be of any propaganda value. I tell his story in “The Incredibly Stupid One — An American Hero,” including how he followed an order to accept early release because he had valuable information that the senior POW commanders wanted to get to the U.S. military. Read his story here to see what he accomplished.

Others gave performances in their forced appearances that showed the world that their appearances and “confessions” were a sham induced by torture. The first public exposure of torture was publicly confirmed early on by Navy Commander Jeremiah Denton’s coerced television appearance. Commander Denton conveyed his message by a series of long and short blinks of his eyes, in which he spelled out “T-O-R-T-U-R-E” in Morse code.

Another Navy officer, Lieutenant Commander Richard Stratton, was brought before a carefully staged press conference. Wearing prison garb, he entered and then performed a series of deep, formal bows—from the waist, rigid and repeated — turning toward different directions as if submitting to his captors and camera crews. An American journalist present described him as “looking like a puppet” whose “eyes were empty”.

Stratton’s demeanor and exaggerated, robot-like bowing was widely understood as a signal by Stratton that he was participating in a propaganda exercise under duress, rather than freely cooperating with the enemy.

Lt. Cdr. Richard Stratton

Back to the Original Big Balls

But my favorite of all the stories of heroism, leavened with imagination and even a touch of humor, is the story of Original Big Balls, a/k/a Lieutenant Paul Galanti. In 1967, Lieutenant Galanti was tortured until he finally agreed to pose for staged propaganda photos by an East German camera and film crew. So, he complied. Here he is:

As you can see, Paul was respectfully honoring his guards and the East Germans with the traditional one-finger salute. To ensure that his captors and the East Germans understood what he thought of them, he even saluted with both hands.

Paul’s North Vietnamese captors didn’t have a clue. Proud of their propaganda coup, they released the photo to the world. And then, as Lord Tennyson said in his paean to the courage of the Light Brigade, “All the world wondered.”

The photo even made the cover of LIFE magazine, albeit in a modified form.

Credit Time/Life; OriginalMagazines.com

As you can see, the delicate flowers at LIFE were aghast at Lieutenant Galanti’s somewhat cheeky affront to his captors, and airbrushed out his salute. LIFE’s accompanying article, however, did describe some of the conditions to which the POW’s were subjected. Despite that airbrushing, other copies were circulated, and the cat was out of the bag, so to speak. And, of course, Paul’s guards and interrogators finally figured out that he had been somewhat discourteous, and brutally tortured him again in retaliation.

When he decided to strike his pose for the East German cameras, even though the North Vietnamese were blissfully unaware of the message he was conveying, Paul knew that when the photos were published, the truth would come out; and his captors would know that they had been had. He knew to a certainty that they would once again subject him to inhuman tortures.

But he did it anyway. He did it because he wanted to send a message to the world. He did it because he was wedded to his sense of duty, honor, country. Knowing of the tortures to come, he did it because he had Big Balls.

We honor Paul Galanti, Richard Stratton, Jeremiah Denton and others like them this Veterans’ Day.